Children's understanding of gossip as it relates to reputation

Includes bibliographical references (pages [110]-118).Gossip can affect an individual’s reputation. Negative gossip can be a threat to an individual’s reputation, whereas positive gossip can enhance it. Individuals may alter their opinions about someone based on what they have heard. Therefore, it is important to determine when children might begin to understand that gossip can influence an individual’s reputation among the peer group. The main goal of this study was to assess children’s understanding of the impact of gossip on reputation. More specifically, this study examined children's understanding that people with different initial reputations may be impacted differently by gossip. Seventy-three second-grade and 72 sixth-grade children participated. Each child was read a prosocial, antisocial, or low-social target character description followed by a positive, negative, and neutral event or gossip scenario. Then, the child was asked questions regarding how much the gossip spread among the peer group and the believability of the gossip. In addition, the child was asked questions regarding characteristics of the target characters and the target characters’ likeability among the peer group. Both second and sixth graders recognized that gossip can influence a child’s likeability among the peer group. Positive and neutral gossip had a positive impact on likeability, whereas negative gossip had a negative impact on likeability. Children also recognized that gossip valence had an impact on the spreading of information, especially for the antisocial character. Children responded that negative gossip would spread among the peer group more for an antisocial peer. Children think that reputation appears to be influenced not only by an individual child’s behavior but also by indirect information such as gossip. This is particularly true for antisocial children. Children believe that the saliency of antisocial peers’ behavior seems to maintain their status with respect to their reputation but not their likeability among the peer group. It may be that positive gossip can enhance their likeability among the peer group, but it may take something more than this indirect source to change their reputation among the peer group.Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy

The relationship between touch sensation of the hand and occupational performance in individuals with chronic stroke

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Stroke is the main cause of disability in the United States. Individuals with stroke commonly report sensory impairment affects their recovery. Motor recovery and sensory impairment are related and impact individuals’ ability to perform valued occupations. Despite the prevalence of sensation impairment after stroke, many occupational therapists fail to include sensation assessment and intervention in treatment planning. The exclusion of sensation in occupational therapy interventions during stroke rehabilitation may be due to the lack of literature supporting the association between sensation and occupational performance. The current study aimed to determine the relationship between touch sensation of the affected hand and occupational performance and satisfaction in individuals with chronic stroke. Using a cross-sectional study design, this study associated factors related to hand sensation and function in individuals with chronic stroke. Fifty individuals with chronic stroke participated in a one-time testing session in which assessments related to sensation, movement of the hand and engagement in daily activities were administered. Correlation analyses were utilized to determine relationships between touch sensation of the affected hand with individuals’ abilities to engage in valued daily activities, arm and hand disability, and manual abilities. The main finding of the study was that individuals with intact sensation reported greater ability to perform valued occupations and satisfaction with their performance, as compared with individuals with touch sensation impairment. For individuals with impaired touch sensation of the affected hand, impairment of touch sensation of the hand did not correlate with individuals’ performance or satisfaction with valued occupations, arm or hand movement, or manual abilities. Collectively, the results of this study reflect the complex interaction between touch sensation, occupational performance, motor functioning, and manual abilities of the affected hand for individuals’ who have experienced a stroke. This study informs therapists, rehabilitation scientists, and other healthcare professionals that client-centered, individualized approaches, including a wide array of clinical assessments and intervention, including assessment of occupational performance and sensation, remain important components in stroke rehabilitation

Bridging Opportunities in Human Health Services

The Campus to Community project aims to develop facilitated, in-depth site visits for VCU faculty and staff interested in exploring human health services opportunities in the Richmond community. The site visit experience will provide exposure to various community organizations specializing in human health, essentially creating a “bridge” between VCU’s campus and these facilities. This initiative is intended to motivate employees to action within the Richmond community by enabling them to observe first-hand the services that these organizations provide, learn more about the organizations’ missions, and engage in meaningful interactions with representatives on site. Likewise, it will allow Richmond community organizations to discuss unique needs and opportunities for partnerships with VCU

Chinese Papermaking: A Multicultural and Environmental Education Strategy for Pre-K Teachers

Many scholars see the urgency of implementing multicultural education (ME) and environmental education (EE) in the primary level (Abdullah, 2009; Bower, 1998; Cohen & Horm-Wingerd, 1993; Trubowitz, 1995). The scholars also share how hands-on and art approaches fit well in both Multicultural Education and Environmental Education fields (Adams & Chisholm, 1999; Bower, 1998; Damm, 2006; Seltzer-Kelly, Westwood, & Peña-Guzman, 2010). Chinese papermaking, an interactive and hands-on exercise in the creation of handmade paper, can be a means of integrating concepts of multiculturalism and sustainability into a young child‘s education. To address this issue, this study aimed at (a) introducing multicultural education, sustainability, and Chinese papermaking; (b) creating a new model MATCH to synthesize multicultural education and environmental education; (c) showing how papermaking is a culturally enriching activity; and, (d) demonstrating child-centered papermaking activities

Assessing 3D Virtual World Disaster Training Through Adult Learning Theory

As role-play, virtual reality, and simulated environments gain popularity through virtual worlds such as Second Life, the importance of identifying best practices for education and emergency management training becomes necessary. Using a formal needs assessment approach, we examined the extent to which 3D virtual tornado simulation trainings follow the principles of adult learning theory employed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) National Training and Education Division. Through a three-fold methodology of observation, interviews, and reflection on action, 3D virtual world tornado trainings were analyzed for congruence to adult learning theory

The Ursinus Weekly, June 8, 1964

Dr. Sturgis retires from faculty after 40 years; Honored by alumni, Saturday • 222 seniors receive degrees at Commencement today; Dr. John Ciardi addresses class and guests • Dr. Roger Staiger given US patent • Whitians select officers • Placement Office report • UC chapter APO chosen to participate in Denver convention • Alumni seek student writers • Editorial: Contemplation • UC hosts Summer assembly: Four denominations represented • Awards presented at WAA banquet • Wagner to attend conference • Paul I. Guest, recipient of 1964 Alumni Award • Student government heads comment on year\u27s activities • Graduation 50 years ago • Permanent class officers announced by seniors • Commencement awards and prizes • New soph rulers plan Fall customs program • Dr. D. Fortnum receives Summer chemistry grant • Greeks name IFS officers • Greek gleanings • Marsteller gets science grant at Colorado State • Library plans Summer changes: Collections expanded • Campus project underway: Bond and Miller design $1,580,000 student activities building • Chest drive totals$1,700https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1275/thumbnail.jp

Characterization of the Positivity of the Density Matrix in Terms of the Coherence Vector Representation

A parameterization of the density operator, a coherence vector representation, which uses a basis of orthogonal, traceless, Hermitian matrices is discussed. Using this parameterization we find the region of permissible vectors which represent a density operator. The inequalities which specify the region are shown to involve the Casimir invariants of the group. In particular cases, this allows the determination of degeneracies in the spectrum of the operator. The identification of the Casimir invariants also provides a method of constructing quantities which are invariant under {\it local} unitary operations. Several examples are given which illustrate the constraints provided by the positivity requirements and the utility of the coherence vector parameterization.Comment: significantly rewritten and submitted for publicatio

An introduction to Elinor Glyn : her life and legacy

This special issue of Women: A Cultural Review re-evaluates an author who was once a household name, beloved by readers of romance, and whose films were distributed widely in Europe and the Americas. Elinor Glyn (1864–1943) was a British author of romantic fiction who went to Hollywood and became famous for her movies. She was a celebrity figure of the 1920s, and wrote constantly in Hearst's press. She wrote racy stories which were turned into films—most famously, Three Weeks (1924) and It (1927). These were viewed by the judiciary as scandalous, but by others—Hollywood and the Spanish Catholic Church—as acceptably conservative. Glyn has become a peripheral figure in histories of this period, marginalized in accounts of the youth-centred ‘flapper era’. Decades on, the idea of the ‘It Girl’ continues to have great pertinence in the post-feminist discourses of the twenty-first century. The 1910s and 1920s saw the development of intermodal networks between print, sound and screen cultures. This introduction to Glyn's life and legacy reviews the cross-disciplinary debate sparked by renewed interest in Glyn by film scholars and literary and feminist historians, and offers a range of views of Glyn's cultural and historical significance and areas for future research

Social policies, separation and second birth spacing in Western Europe

The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement no. 320116 for the research project FamiliesAndSocieties. We also acknowledge funds from the Academy of Finland (decision number 275030 and 293103) and the German Science Foundation (KR 2855/3–1 and TR 457/7–1).Objective: This paper studies postseparation fertility behavior. The aim is to investigate whether, and if so how, separation affects second birth spacing in Western European countries. Methods: This analysis makes use of rich survey data from Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom, as well as from Finnish register data. We thus cover the behavior of a large proportion of the population of Western Europe. We also use descriptive measures, such as Kaplan‒Meier survival functions and cumulative incidence curves. In the multivariate analysis, we employ event history modeling to show how education relates to postseparation fertility behavior. Results: There are large differences in postseparation fertility behavior across European countries. For Spain and Italy, we find that only a negligibly small proportion of the population have a second child after separating from the other parent of the firstborn child. The countries with the highest proportion of second children with a new partner are the United Kingdom, Germany, and Finland. In all countries, separation after first birth leads to a sharp increase in the birth interval between first and second births. Contribution: Our study is a contribution to the demographic literature that aims at understanding birth spacing patterns in Western Europe. Furthermore, we draw attention to the role of postseparation policies in explaining country differences in fertility behavior in contemporary societies.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

GPAQ-R: development and psychometric properties of a version of the general practice assessment questionnaire for use for revalidation by general practitioners in the UK.

BACKGROUND: The General Practice Assessment Questionnaire (GPAQ) has been widely used to assess patient experience in general practice in the UK since 2004. In 2013, new regulations were introduced by the General Medical Council (GMC) requiring UK doctors to undertake periodic revalidation, which includes assessment of patient experience for individual doctors. We describe the development of a new version of GPAQ - GPAQ-R which addresses the GMC's requirements for revalidation as well as additional NHS requirements for surveys that GPs may need to carry out in their own practices. METHODS: Questionnaires were given out by doctors or practice staff after routine consultations in line with the guidance given by the General Medical Council for surveys to be used for revalidation. Data analysis and practice reports were provided independently. RESULTS: Data were analysed for questionnaires from 7258 patients relating to 164 GPs in 29 general practices. Levels of missing data were generally low (typically 4.5-6%). The number of returned questionnaires required to achieve reliability of 0.7 were around 35 for individual doctor communication items and 29 for a composite score based on doctor communication items. This suggests that the responses to GPAQ-R had similar reliability to the GMC's own questionnaire and we recommend 30 completed GPAQ-R questionnaires are sufficient for revalidation purposes. However, where an initial screen raises concern, the survey might be repeated with 50 completed questionnaires in order to increase reliability. CONCLUSIONS: GPAQ-R is a development of a well-established patient experience questionnaire used in general practice in the UK since 2004. This new version can be recommended for use in order to meet the UK General Medical Council's requirements for surveys to be used in revalidation of doctors. It also meets the needs of GPs to ask about patient experience relating to aspects of practice care that are not specific to individual general practitioners (e.g. receptionists, telephone access) which meet other survey requirements of the National Health Service in England. Use of GPAQ-R has the potential to reduce the number of surveys that GPs need to carry out in their practices to meet the various regulatory requirements which they face